Internal-combustion engine



' J. J. MORRIS ET AL INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE A original Filed Nov. 9, 192s 4 sheets-smet 1 wk FU bw m. mi 6% ab .NNL mm. mw

Nov.' 29, 1927.

.1. J. MoRRls ET AL INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Original Filed Nov. 9,1925 4 sheets-sheet 2 mul/l abv. 299 1927,. 1,651,147

J. J. MORRIS ET AL INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Original Filed Nov. 9, 1923 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 ummm N afl ff m1 1 ATORNEY Nov. 29, 1927.

J. J. MORRIS ET AL INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Original Filed Nov. 9, 1925 4 sheets-sheet '4 Parental Ney; 29, 1927.`lv

"UN1rED srArs vPATENTy OFFICE.

JoHN ."r. Monats, oEAUDUBoN, JENsEY, ANDjIiEE N. GULICH, or eEnMANrowN, ie ENNsYEvIrANIm AssIGNons, EY IIEsNE ASSIGNMENTS, To RICHARD c. scHWoEa- En,v or PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

INTEHNAL-COMNUSIION ENGINE.

.Application-tied November A9, 1923, Serial No. 878,792. Renewed Hay 3, 1927.

Our invention relates to the general-classy of internal combustion engines and thespe- 'cial sub-class of`the same known 'as twocycle, whether double-acting` or single-acting, the object being 'to provide a simple, convenient and effective construction which will be elastic in\ its adaptability for every engine purpose, and willv be characterized by having only a few\parts and being econom- V'ical and easy in operationand with very little chance of breakagexor disrepai'r, but capable of developing a very large amount of power.

The engine mechanism embraced in this invention may have avery wide variety of uses, prominent among which we note its use as the motor mechanism pf a gasactuated rock drill, and another its use-as a reciprocating engine to furnish the operative power for an automobile, an aeroplane, or various other kinds of mechanism; and we shall explain the use and oer certain structural features peculiarly applicable to drill-` ing, as well asY another construction which enables the engine to actuate a driveshaft; these, however, being given obviously merely as special explanatory specimens oof theuse of the invention,g and withoutl any idea of restricting its operative value thereto.

Underlying the construction and combination .of thefvarious parts we have dealt with various problems, among them lbeing that. of the minimum fuel volume which will satisfy the requirements of theengine,

the area of the ignition chamber as com' v ,pared 'with that of the fuel supply chamber,

the typ-e and locationof the piston rings so as to insure against leakage at any point, the location, number and kind of the spark plugs or other ignition appliances, the length of the piston stroke and other features. i

A signal feature of the invention lies in the fuel section of the piston which is more or less elongated or extended and is differential in character to correspond with the differential design of the cyllnder, this differential character of the piston embracing a. middle and end sections of larger diameter, between which are intermediate sectionsof smaller diameter, and the cylinder having a corresponding middle portion of larger diameter as Well vas end sections of larger diam-eter, between which end and,

middle sections are sections of smaller ldiameter; The piston is a hollow sleeve or cyl- Inder having a central transverse partition which divides it into two non-communicating chambers, said chambers servingas fuel chambers to receive the fuel supply and deliver the same into the firing chambers. The ends of the piston are provided with heads,

having members of larger diameter which reciprocate within the -end fuel chambersA ofl the cylinder, which latter aretof larger diameter than the cylinder 'sections between these chambers and the middle'firing chambers in the cylinder that surround the piston, said end chambers of the cylinder functioning as fuel supply chambers and being permanently connected by smaller divisions wit-hthe chambers within the piston.

Thus at each end of the engine there is a preliminary compression chamber for the fuel, as it may be termed, each consisting of a chamber within the piston on one sfide of its central partition and a chamber in thev -fuel chamber. Upon each returI stroke of\ the piston', or as each fuel chamber in the piston moves towards its corresponding firing chamber, the manifold inlet valve closes and the entire charge which fills each section or division of the fuel chamber is compressed. into the smaller part of the fuel chamber in thel piston. Hence there is a compression preliminarily taking place in each compression chamber during the return strokethereof; and after each initial compression. in each preliminary compression chamber the partly compressed charge is delivered into the final compression and explosion chambers which surround the pistoil in the central portion of the cylinder, and which lexplosion chambers communicate'alternately with the common exhaust system located between said explosion chambers, it being noted that we use certain lengthenecl and angular ports for the purpose of establishing communication between the interior of the piston fuel chambers and the firing chambers in order to provide for the proper location of the piston rings, it being further noted that the proper location of such rings as the points just referred to as well as on the central and the end enlarged portions of the piston is a matter of unusual importance, to avoid leakage and on which we lay much stress in the explanation of our construction. Thus we introduce the charge through ports running entirely around the cylinder and during the full length of the stroke and compress the same during such stroke between the end portions of theheads of the piston and the opposite `surfaces of the smaller sections of the cylinder, t and also through ports running en-` tirely around the'piston, so that vwe use a very large inlet and a very large outlet whereby a large charge is quickly and completely introduced and whereby also a thor-` ough and adequate scavenging is attained.

Thus the compression/'y chambers for the initial compression, each consisting of various sections, enable the charge to be compressed in one end of the piston for one explosion and in the other end of the piston for the next explosion, these partially compressed charges being transferred from the fuel chambers in the piston into the firing chambers Where they are again and finally compressed before being exploded. Obviously during the reciprocations of the piston and its heads the cylinder fuel chambers which directly receive the fuel and transfer/ it through ports into the chambers within the piston, change in size from maXimum to minimum, and as theyv are constantly receiving the charge during the return stroke, said charge is partly compressed and forced into the piston chambers. The fuel is received when the piston moves towards the cylinder ends, and when `the piston is moving toward the center, or firing section, compression is uniform uthroughout the entire length of the fuel chamber which, of course, includes both large and small sections. f

In addition to these important structural characteristics of the piston, the cylinder and contiguous parts, the invention may be said to consist essentially in the construction,A`

being so constructed and coupled up with the appurtenant parts as to enable the engine to serve as a motor device for a drill lis of larger diameter and provides the explosion chambers.

Figure 5 is an enlarged longitudinal-section of one end, and Figure 6 an enlarged longitudinal section of the other end of the cylinder, showing the parts that are of larger diameter and also the intermediate sections between the latter parts and the part shown in Figure 4, which intermediate parts are of smaller diameter, these figures 4, e and 6 indicating clearly the differential character of the cylinder with its variable diameters at the ends and in the middle.

Figure 7 is an enlarged transverse section on the line 7, 7, of Figure 1.

Figure 8 is an enlarged transverse section on the line 8, 8,.of Figure 1.

Figure 9 is an enlarged transverse section on the line 9, 9, of Figure 1.

Figure 10 is a longitudinal section of our improved internal combustion engine with the. piston thereof shown in side elevation and coupled up to the connecting rod so that the engine itself may serve as a reciprocating engine f-or any purpose to which it may be put.

Similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts 7throughout the different figures of the drawing.

le will now proceed ,to describe the construction and operationl of the cylinder 1 and its appurtenant parts. it being understood that any engine of our design may be single or multi-.cylinder in construction and that YWhere there are several cylinders they may he duplicates of the one ive are now describing. but. in the drawing ive have only thought it necessary to show -a single cylinder in order to impart the fullest understanding of the invention. Such cylinder' is double-acting, compresses and fires at each stroke and hence develops great power. The cvlindcr may be of any specific' construction, dimensions and proper-tions. Its cooling system may use Water or other liquid. a fan, or any other means for the purpose. but we preferably build. it with a multiplicity of radiating fins or flanges. as l, which cover y the surface so as to avoid some of the objections incidental to water liacketsl and the like. said flanges being properly Vproportioned to provide vthe radiating surface necessary for .the amount of heat developed in.

ati

lill) the operation. The cylinder may be made in several castings as shown, for examplev a middle casting 1, beingpf larger diameter than the piston `so as to provide the firing chambers that surround theipiston; an adjining section 2 of smaller diameter; another similar section 2a; and the end sections 3 and 3l1 of larger diameter and may be of any size demanded by the fuelI charge, so asv to provide auxiliary cylinder 4fue] chambersV --that cooperate with the fuel chambers within the piston. But it will be notedIv that although this diiferential design of the cylin-` der is important, yet. the vproportions and varied within wide limits without departing from the invention, if only "the differential features are made to properly correspond with `the shape of the piston(n The middle and larger portion 1 of the cylinder furnishes the two explosion chambers A and B, between and in which the\ widest exterior part 8 of the piston operates; the end` sections 3, 3a, ov the cylinder are likewise of larger diameter. and furnish the fuel chambers E and F which first receive the fuel supply and deliver the same through 1 smaller divisions into the interior of the chamber D for the fuel.

piston; while between the end sections 3 and 3a of the cylinder and the middle section 1 are the intermediate sections 2 and 2a which are of smaller diameter so as to accommodate closely therein the portions ofthe piston which are of smaller diameter and which reciprocate closely in said intermediate sections 2 and 2a.

The piston is of the differential type, conl -sisting of a hollow sleeve' or cylnder of.

virtually the same diameter throughout, but with the exterior middle portion 8 of larger dia-meter than the sections 5 and A5a that extend between said middle portion 8 and the members 7 andl7a on they heads 9 and 10, which members t closelyl and respectively within the' cylinder sections 3 and 311 and the inner chambers E and F in saidsections. Section 5 of the piston on the right hand side of the central partition 6 contains the interior iprimary compression chamber C for the fuel, and section 5 of the'piston on the left hand side of the central partition 6 contains the interior primary compression Further, the end of the section 5 is provided with a head 10, or terminal part, so shaped in this example of the invention that it may serve as a hammer when the engine is used in connection with a' drill, which head part 10 carriesv the circular piston member 7 thereon, the same having a central sleeve 48 which slips over the end of the member 10 and is held thereon by set screws 47 or other equivalent mea-ns as may be desired, while the end of' the section 5"l is provided with a similar head or terminal member 9, preferably hollowed out at Sla-for the'sake of permitting the starting -rod to Fenter it,` whlch carries the other circular piston member 7a, having a -central sleeve which slips overthe head ofy `the member 9 and is held thereon by means time into the chamber 'Athrough elongated and angular ports 24 to deliver the charge into the explosion chamber; while the chamber D is provided similarly with a series of ports 21 which register at times with the cylinder fuel chamber F to let in the fuel supply and at another time communicate 'sith the firing chamberl B through the elongated transfer ports 2 3. The piston near the ports 19 is strengthened by means of ribs 2() lying between said ports, and also near the ports 21 is strengthened by means of ribs 22 lying between said ports. Furthermore it willbenoted that the heads 9 and 10 are formed with smaller divisions provided with longitudinal yor axial passages 11 and 12 ruiming lengthwise from the chambers C and D into the chambers E' and F which they enter at points closely contiguous to the members 7 so that the chambers E and F respectivelv are in communication with the chambers C and D, these connecting passages 11 and 12being` always open to establish such communication and the ports 19 and 21 vbeing Open for a certain lengthof time during each stroke. asinlets and at other times as outlets. Thus the chambers E and F supply fuel to the piston chambers C and D through these passages 11 and 12, the supply at the end of the stroke being through ports 19 or21 as well as passages 11 and 12, but being continued duringthe whole length of the return strokes through the elongated axial passages 11 and 12.

A supply of the explosive mixture is delivered tothe cylinderv and pistons from .suitable means which will allow a steady iniow at leach end during the reciprocating suction strokes and will automatically check the outflow on the compression strokes. This supply means may be widelv diversified in its construction and application. When the deivicefunctions as a drill we find it convenient to arrange piping in connection with the cylluder 1, as follows: A casting` 27 1s attached lby means of a bolt 28 to another casting 29,

of the cylinder, said pipe 16 leading to -the right hand end vof the cylinder and delivy ering into the circular port 33 inthe cylinder i a similar eheckfvalve 17. These '-'yalves open on the suction movement of the piston but instantly close when the reverse movement takes place, so that while a supply of fuel mixture is readily drawn intothe cylinder through the piping as described, it cannot flow back becauseon the compression movement of' the Vpiston each time the check valve or its equivalent will close and prevent any outflow.

When each end of the piston in* turn reaches onits stroke the pointcwhere the ports 19, in the one case, or the ports 21, in the other case, are to deliver into the explosion or ignition chambers A or B, as the case may be, the deliveryis made through the ports 23 and 24 which have an angularq or a right-angled shape, and are cut through the parts 2 and 2a of the cylinder which are of the smallest diameter, the object of'having elongatedports of this character instead of a direct admission from the interior of the ypiston to the interior of the ignition chambers being to allow the packing rings 35 and'36 which surround the sections 5 and 5a of the piston, near the heads of said pist0n and closely adjacent to the ports 19 and 21, to be properly supported and coveredv ,and held between the surface of the piston and the "adjacent surfaces of the cylinder, in order that there may be a tight and etticient ]'oint and no possibility of any leakalge, as these piston rings do not enter the same and it is unnecessary to further de explosion chambers, but always remain between the Walls of the piston and the cylinder. A

`The form of the engine which is adapted for use Vwith drilling appliances, as shown in Figure 1, and the form adapted for use with an engine construction having a crankshaft, as shown in Figure 1.0, is virtually the scribe the mechanism as .it is illustrated in Figure 10 than to say, that the drilling dej vices which are shown at the right hand end of Figurel 1 and which consist essentially of a drilling rod 37, to which avchuck and drilling instrument are applied, a' cap 38 for the ing tool may befrevolved, said rod 37 being adapted to be struck by the solid anvil. head 10 of the piston as it is constructed 1n this figure, are omitted and dispensed with, and" i in lieu thereof in Figure 10 a connecting rod 42 is pivoted at 43 to the piston,"and said rod has a crank pin 44 passing through it, which is attached to the crank 45 belonging to the main shaft 46, these features being preferably carried in an oil-tightcrankrase, all as shown in Fi ure 10. It will be obvious, therefore, that t e invention issubstantially the same in these two forms, and that it may be embodied in many other equivalently-operating forms so that it may be put to any purpose to which itis found adaptable, and the especial features belonging to the drilling implement, etc., which may be superadded to the engine mechanism. are claimed in this application besides .the general engine structure. n

The operation will be quite evident from the foregoing description of the construction and arrangement of the various parts, the same being sufficiently ample to make the invention easily understood, and it is unnecessary to describe the operation in further detail. It may not beamiss to make a brief f to the auxiliary fuel chamber E, and as the piston starts'to move toward the left under the vinfluence of the lexplosion of the compressed mixture in chamber A, supply valve 17 will close and fuel will pass through the piston ports 19 into the piston-fuel-chamber C. The supply through the. ports 19, however, will be instantly cut off and thereafter during the movement` of the piston towardthe left until it reaches the end of its com.- pression stroke fuel will be fed from the chamber E through the elongated passages. 11 into the piston chamber C, said elongated passages running from a point 'adjacent to the piston member 7 to a point closely conlll) tiguous to the inlet ports 19. Thusc at the beginning of the compression stroke the supply of fuel has an opportunity of passing through the ports 19 and also the passages 1l, a duplicate entry, but right a-way after the beginning of the compression stroke the supply will be only-through the long passages 11. When the compression stroke begins the chamber E is of maximum 'size but this size or volume decreases as the stroke proceeds and the preliminary compression of the mixture takes place between the head 7 and the opposite face of the smaller section 2 of the cyl inder. Or, in other words, the capacity of the preliminary compression chamber con-l into coincidence with the mouths of the.

' firing ports 24, and the compressed mixture in this preliminary compression chamber is delivered through said ports into the explosion chamber A and on top of theoutl going exhaust, which by this time, owing to the movement of the piston, has uncovered the outlet port 25 to allow the products of the explosion to pass out of the cylinder,l the fresh charge of the mixture going into the explosion chamber A and filling the same preparatory to being compressed -therein when the piston starts again on its movement toward theI right.`

The' same explanation of the operation o the various parts applies to the left hand portion of the cylinder and piston with the chambers D and F andthe Various ports as they are shown in Figure l, and it is unnecessary to go through this entire explanation in detail. yWhen the piston starts again toward the right, obviously the check valve 17 will be opened by its spring so as to admit fuel, andport 24 will be cut off so that the effect of the enlarged middle sec/tion 8 of the piston will be to compress the gas in chamber A until the moment arrives when the exploded gases in chamber B are enabled to escape through the exhaust 25, and the preliminarily compressed charge which has been received into the chambers F and D will be delivered into theexplosion chamber B on top of the outgoing exhaust to furnish la supply in the chamber B Whichcan bc compressed on the next movement of the piston toward the left.

Viewing the cylinder and the piston in a more general way, the .essentials of the`structure will be seen to consist of a cylinderconstruction having central explosion chambers, end fuel supply chalnbers, and intermediate sections -of smaller diameter, 'and a piston of the differential type having inner chambers divided by a partition which communicate through one or more sets of ports or passages with the cylinder fuel chambers. The chambers Eand C constitute as it were a compound preliminary compression chamber, and the chambers F and D a similar compound'preliminar'y compression chamber, the members of each preliminarycompres-V sion chamber being permanently in com-v munication with each other through pas'- sagcs of greater or less length which run through the heads of the piston. These heads are susceptible of a wide diversity in .to prevent any leakage.

construction, being shorter or longer and narrower or wlder, and designed to allow a greater or less number of supply ports to pass through them, and the heads carry on ate as pistons in the cylinder fuelchambers. Thus each preliminary compression chamber consists of two members, one of which is a space in the interior of the piston and the their outer ends circular sections which oper- 70 other' of which is a space in the cylinder, and 75 is therefore of a compound type, the cylinder fuel space being superimposed upon the piston fuel space.

The reason of this particular construction and the utilization of end chambers in the cylinder toreceive the fuel before it is delivered into the interior of the piston is that .a fuel supply chamber must contain suiiicient volume tov completely iill the liring dhamber at atmospheric pressure, and it. has notA hitherto been found convenient to make a fuel chamber in the piston of suiiicient size toprovide this volume of gas. Such volume of gas must also be under pressure to insure its filling the explosion chamber when the ports .open in to each other for the purpose.

' For the satisfactory working of an internal combustion engine it is found that the tiring chamber yshould be in the neighborhood of from 24% to 30% of the cylinder 95 volume. This is generally essential Where the flame propagation has universal direction for its action. In the present con struction flame propagation is unidirectional about the periphery, of the firing piston whereby the spark plugs are located diametrically opposite each other.

The circular end portions 7 and 7 a of the piston which serve to compress the gas in the preliminary fuel chambers are .provided make a tight joint between their peripheries and the \wall of the cylinder; also the en-4 larged central part 8 of the piston 'is provided with suitable packing rings 50 in order mentioned the packing rings 35 which surround the piston section 5a near the 'ports' 21 and the packing rings 36 which surround the piston section 5 near the ports 19v andwhich vpacking' rings prevent any leakage at the 12 vtime of firing and at other'times and which cover at, certain times portions of the cylinder contiguous to the elongated angular pdrts23 and 24, as already hereinabove explained; so,that it will be seen that the way ,12

in'which I apply the packing rings to the piston is of'great importance in the operation of the engine for the purpose of reventing 'any possibility of leakage and t ius I have already 1 with suitable encircling packing rings '49 to 110 enabling the operation .of the machinedto Aproceed in Ysuch a manner that the full effect of the explosions is availed of in the l generation of power.

I-Iaving thus described our invention, what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letv ters Patent, is:

1. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a differential cylinderhaving central explosion chambers, and having also fuel chambers in each end of said cylinder, la dual-chambered dierential piston having heads provided with circular compression members of greater diameter than the heads and operating in the cylinder-fuell chambers and a middle enlarged portion opstroke, while the other set remains open permanently, and means fortransferring the partly compressed charges through' the piston chambers to the explosion chambers.

2. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a differential cylinder having central explosion chambers and having also fuel chambers in each end of said cylinder, a dual-chambered `differential piston having. heads provided with circular com-- pression members operating in the cylinderfuel-chambers and a middle enlarged portion operating in the explosionI chambers, said circular compression members being of the same diameter as the middle enlarged portion, lmeans for preliminarily and directly admitting fuel into both of the cylinder- '.fuel-chambers alternately, means in the piston struct-ure for transferring the fuel from the cylinder-fuel-chambers to the piston-fuelchambers and also therefrom to the explosion chambers, consisting o f. two. sets of passages in each piston head, one of which sets has the function of inlet ports to the interior of the piston at the beginning of the stroke and of outlet ports to the explosion chambers at the end of the stroke and opening intermittently to act as such ports, while thea other set of passages remains permanently open as inlet ports for the interior. of the piston from the cylinder-fuel-chambers.

3. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a differential cylinder having central explosion chambers and end fuel chambers, la dual-chambered differential piston' having heads provided with compression members, and operating in the cylinder-fuelchambers, and a middle enlarged portion operating in the explosion chambers, means in the piston structure for transferrln the fuel from the cylinder chambers to t e piston` chambers and thento the explosion chambers, consisting essentially of two.l sets of ports for each pistonhead, one set opening intermittently and acting alternately as inlet and transfer ports, and the other setv being open permanently between the piston-fuel-chambers and the cylinder-fuelchambers, together with means for admitting fuel to both cylinder-fuel-chambers, and valve devices to prevent outflow during com.- pression.

4. In an internal combustion'v engine, the

combination of a differential .cylinder havmg explosion chambers and fuel chambers, a' dual-chambered differential' piston having heads operating in the cylinder-fuel-cham-A bers and a. middle enlarged portion operating in the explosion chambers, means inthe piston structure for transferring the fuel from the cylinder chambers to the piston chambers and then to theexplosion chambers, consisting essentially of two setsof ports for leach piston head, one set opening intermittently and acting alternately as in- V letl and transfer ports, and the -other `set being open permanently between the piston chambers and the cylinder chambers, ltogether with inlet means for introducing the fuel preliminarily into the cylinder-fuelchambers and opera-ting'autpmatically to prevent outflow during compression.

5. In an internal combustion engine, the

combination of a differentiall cylinder having explosion chambers and fuel chambers,- a dual-chambered differential piston having heads operating in the cylinder-fuelchambers and a middle enlargedl portion operating in the explosion chambers, means" in the piston structure'lfor transferring the fuel from the ,cylinder chambers to the piston ychambers and then to the explosion chambers, consisting essentially of two sets of ports for each piston head, one set, opening uintermittently and acting alternately as inlet and transfer ports, and the other set being open permanently between the piston chambers and the cylinderl llO chambers, together with inlet means for iny troducing the fuel preliminarily into the h5 cylinder-fuel-chambers and operating automatic-ally to prevent outflow during compression, said means conslsting of fuel supply pipes connecting with the cylinder-fuel.

chambers and check valve devices arranged in said pipes.l

6. In aninternal combustion engine, the combination. of a cylinder having explosion chambers, a differential piston containing inner fuel chambers and with. its middle enlarged portion operating Vin the explosion chambers, a rigid imperforate partition in the piston dividing the fuel` chambers from each other, means for transferringv the charges from the piston chambers @o the,y explosion chambers, fuel `supply chamremitir bers in the ends of thel cylinder, v means l 7. Inv an internal combustion engine, the" combination of a cylinder having explor`1, pril chambers, a differential piston containing inner fuel chambers and with its middle enlarged portion operating in the explosion chambers, a partition inthe piston, means for transferring the charges from the piston chambers to the explosion chambers. consisting of lateral ports in the piston that intermittently open-at one end of the stroke i to receive fuel into the interior of the piston and atthe other end to deliver said fuel out of the piston into the explosion chambers, and also of elongated passagesin the piston structure that are constantly open to receive fuel into the interior of the piston from the cylinder-fuel-chambers, together with means on the ends of the piston having a compression function in the cylinderfuel-chambers.

48. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder having explosion chambers, a differential piston containing compression chambers and operating in connection wth said explosion chambers, and havingports to permit the passage of the lmixture from the compression chambers to the explosion chambers, means for delivering the mixture to the cyli-nder and automatically operating to check the outflow of the same, a rigid diaphragm in v,the piston separating the chambers therein, and auX-' iliary fuel compression chambers in the cylinder that communicate With the chambers in the piston, together with circular piston members on the ends of the piston that operate in the auxiliary fuel-compression-chambers in the cylinder. E

9. 1n an internal combustion engine, the' combination of a cylinder having explosion chambers, a` diEerential pistonv containing compression chambers and operating in connection with said explosion chambers, and having ports to permit the passage of the mixture from the compression chambers to the explosion chambers, means for delivering the mixture to the cylinder Cand automatically operating to check the outflow of the same, a rigid diaphragm in the piston separating the chambers therein, and aux.-

iliary fuel compression chambers in the cylinder that communicate with the chambers in` the piston, together With circular piston members on the end of the piston that operate in the auxiliary fuel-compression-'chambers in the cylinder', a connecting rod mov- -ably attached to the piston, and a crank shaft to which said piston rod is connected, 10. 1n an internal combustion engine, the combi-nation of a cylinder having explosion compression chambers and operating in conchambers, a differential piston' containing nection with" said explosion-"chambers andv ported to permit the explosive mixbture to- 'l '1 pass-from they compression chambers to the explosion chambers separately, together with a common exhaust system, a rigid imperforate partition 1n the piston between thetwo fuel chambers therein, auxiliary fuel chambers in each-end of the cylinder having permanent communication with the chambers Within the piston and intermittent communication also, means for permitting said permanent and intermittent communication, and circular piston means on the ends ofthe piston Operating in the cylinder-fuel-chaml bers to preliminarily compress the fuel therein and in the piston 'chambers before it is transferred tothe explosion chambers, and means for admitting fuel to 'both cylinderfuel-chambers. i

s 11. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder having separate central explosion chambers and having also end vfuel supply chambers, a diferential piston` vwith 'an enlarged middle portion operatin in theexplosion chambers which surroun said piston, and said piston having heads with fenlarged compression members operating in the end fuel supply chambers o the cylinder, and said piston having also a rigid imperforate inner partition dividingl it into two fuel chambers permanently'open to the cylinder-fuel-chambersso as toprovide pre iminary fuel compresslon chambers,

and a p1ston-fuel-chamber,` andomeans for transferring the mixture through the piston from these compression chambers to the explosionv chambers, together with means for\ admitting fuel to 'both cylinder-fuel-chambers and to prevent outflow during compression. .f

12. In an internalcombustion engine, the combinationy of a cylinder having central separate expalosion chambers, fuel supply vconsisting each of a cylinder-fuel-chamber chambers in the end sections thereof, and

intermediate portions of smaller diameter, la differential piston with an enlarged middle portion operating in the explosion chambers, a central partition dividing it into tivo fuel chambers, and with. enlarged heads operating in the fuel chambers the ends of the cylinder, all arranged so as to grovide preliminary compression chambers, each consisting of one of the cylinder-fuel-chambers and one of the piston-fuel-chambcrs connected permanently with each other, and means for transferring the mixture through the piston from lthe preliminary compression chambers to the explosion chambers, said means including ports running through the cylinder sections of smallest diameter, and means for admitting fuel to both cylinderfuel-chambers directl-y, together with valve mechanism for allowing the iniiow of the mixture on the suction stroke andpreventing its outflow on the. compression stroke.

13. In an internal combustion enginethe combination of a cylinder having central Separate explosion chambers, fuel supply chambers in the end sections thereof, and intermediate portions 'of smaller diameter, a differential piston with an enlarged middle portion operating in the explosion chambers and with enlarged heads operating in the fuel chambers in the ends of the cylinder, all arranged so as to provide preliminary compression chambers each consisting of one of the cylinder-fuel-chambers and one of the piston-fuel-chambers connected permanently with each other, and means for transferring the mixture through the piston from the preliminary compression chambers to the explosion chambers, said means including ports running through the cylinder sections of smallest diameter, and also including lateral ports in the piston-fuelchambers which alternately function as inlet and outlet ports, together with elongated ports in the piston structure which are in permanent communication between the cylinder-fuel-chambers and' the piston-fuel chambers. i

14. In an internal combustion engine,'the combination of a differential cylinder hav ing central explosion chambers and terminal fuel supply chambers, a differential pistonl having a lrigid partition and an enlarged middle portion operating in the explo-sion chambers and having heads provided With members operating in the cylinder-fuelmeans' including angular ports in the cylinder wall leading from the piston to the eX- plosion chambers and coming into coincidence with lateral ports in the `piston at the end of the suction stroke of the engine.

l5. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a differential cylinder having central explosion chambers and terminal fuel supply chambers, a differential piston having a rigid partition and an enlarged middle portion operating in the explosion chambers and having heads provided with member-s operating in the cylinder-fuelchambers, means for making a permanent communication between the cylinder-"fuelchambers andthe piston-fuel-chambers, and means for transferring the mixture through the` piston from the piston-compressionchambers to the explosion chambers,`said means consisting of right-angled ports in thev cylinder Wall that extend from the pi-ston to the explosion chambers and receive charges through lateral ports in the piston, the space below said ports and the interior of the explosion chambers covering piston rings so that the rings are not exposed to the effect-s of the explosion whereby all leakage is prevented.

In testimony whereof we hereunto aiiix our signatures.

JOHN J. MORRIS. LEE N. GULICK. 

